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Abstract
Communication policies intended to contribute to changing persistent inequalities need to be informed by an in-depth understanding of systemic barriers to gender equality and women's empowerment. Not taking into account complex, historically entrenched forces that perpetuate established gendered hierarchies may result in policies effecting only superficial change. The research presented in this article demonstrates how availability of information and communication technology (ICT) does not ensure equitable access and gender equality. Access needs to be imbedded in a women's empowerment and equality agenda to contribute to transforming gender relations. Understanding what that involves is critical to the design of ICT policies that challenge gender inequalities.

Abstract
Communication policies intended to contribute to changing persistent inequalities need to be informed by an in-depth understanding of systemic barriers to gender equality and women's empowerment. Not taking into account complex, historically entrenched forces that perpetuate established gendered hierarchies may result in policies effecting only superficial change. The research presented in this article demonstrates how availability of information and communication technology (ICT) does not ensure equitable access and gender equality. Access needs to be imbedded in a women's empowerment and equality agenda to contribute to transforming gender relations. Understanding what that involves is critical to the design of ICT policies that challenge gender inequalities.

Foreword /by Heloise Emdon --Introduction /Ineke Buskens and Anne Webb --Doing research with women for the purpose of transformation /Ineke Buskens --Women's use of information and communication technologies in Mozambique : a tool for empowerment? /Gertrudes Macueve ... [et al.] --Considering ICT use when energy access is not secured : a case study from rural South Africa /Jocelyn Muller --Rural women's use of cell phones to meet their communication needs : a study from northern Nigeria /Kazanka Comfort and John Dada --Egyptian women artisans facing the demands of modern markets : caught between a rock and a hard place /Leila Hassanin --When a gender-blind access policy results in discrimination : realities and perceptions of female students at the University of Zimbabwe /Buhle Mbambo-Thata, Elizabeth Mlambo and Precious Mwatsiya --An alternative public space for women : the potential of ICT /Leila Hassanin --Using ICTs to act on hope and commitment : the fight against gender violence in Morocco /Amina Tafnout and Aatifa Timjerdine --The names in your address book : are mobile phone networks effective in advocating women's rights in Zambia? /Kiss Brian Abraham --Mobile phones in a time of modernity : the quest for increased self-sufficiency among women fishmongers and fish processor in Dakar /Ibou Sane and Mamadou Balla Traore --Women entrepreneurs in Nairobi : examining and contextualizing women's choices /Alice Wanjira Munyua --Internet use among women entrepreneurs in the textile sector in Douala, Cameroon : self-taught and independent /Gisele Yitamben and Elise Tchinda --ICTs as agents of change : a case of grassroots women entrepreneurs in Uganda /Susan Bakesha, Angela Nakafeero and Dorothy Okello --The mobile payphone business : a vehicle for rural women's empowerment in Uganda /Grace Bantebya Kyomuhendo --Professional women empowered to succeed in Kenya's ICT sector /Okwach Abagi, Olive Sifuna and Salome Awuor Omamo --Reflections on the mentoring experiences of ICT career women in Nairobi, Kenya : looking in the mirror /Salome Awuor Omamo --Our journey to empowerment : the role of ICT /Ruth Meena and Mary Rusimbi --Epilogue /Ineke Buskens and Anne Webb.

Summary for social mediaVitamin D is essential for good health, especially bone and muscle health. Many people have low blood levels of vitamin D, especially in winter or if confined indoors, because summer sunshine is the main source of vitamin D for most people. Government vitamin D intake recommendations for the general population are 400 IU (10 µg) per day for the UK7 and 600 IU (15 µg) per day for the USA (800 IU (20 µg) per day for >70 years) and the EU.9 Taking a daily supplement (400 IU /day (10 µg/day) in the UK) and eating foods that provide vitamin D is particularly important for those self-isolating with limited exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D intakes greater than the upper limit of 4000 IU (100 µg) per day may be harmful and should be avoided unless under personal medical/clinical advice by a qualified health professional.